如果W.O.賓利先生得知以他的名字命名的公司正在生產(chǎn)號(hào)稱“世上最快、最強(qiáng)大、最奢華、最高端的SUV”，他一定會(huì)非常感興趣。除了最初的汽油車版本，全新的賓利Bentayga還在2015年法蘭克福車展上向公眾展示了這一車型的柴油車版和插電式混合動(dòng)力車版，并且，這兩個(gè)版本都已“列入生產(chǎn)日程表”。
在勒芒耐力賽上，在世界上最尊貴的展廳中，賓利先生都曾見(jiàn)證過(guò)他的愛(ài)車閃亮登場(chǎng)，大獲成功。這些作品是技術(shù)（增壓跑車）與超高端造型和內(nèi)室的完美結(jié)合?，F(xiàn)在，一臺(tái)搭載6.0-L 447-kW (600-hp)的W12發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的四輪驅(qū)動(dòng)Bentayga正在沙丘中馳騁，在凍湖上競(jìng)速。
Bentayga經(jīng)歷了超過(guò)100萬(wàn)英里（160萬(wàn)公里）的測(cè)試。“測(cè)試內(nèi)容極為詳盡，”賓利整車工程主管Cameron Paterson表示。“無(wú)論做了多少實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試，都仍需要讓車輛接受各種條件的室外測(cè)試。我們的室外測(cè)試溫度最低為零下30攝氏度，最高達(dá)到53攝氏度（-22至+127華氏度），盡管許多客戶并不會(huì)真的把車開(kāi)到沙丘里去，我們還是設(shè)置了如此高的溫度！此外，我們還在一些封閉的測(cè)試道路上完成了高速耐久性測(cè)試，其中包括長(zhǎng)時(shí)段。最高速度（301 km/h）的沖刺測(cè)試。”
Bentayga最初在2012年以SUV概念車的形式亮相，但公眾反應(yīng)平平，因此該車型隨后進(jìn)行了大幅度的造型修改。最終成品帶有許多賓利車的標(biāo)志性元素，以適應(yīng)該車型富有的潛在顧客相對(duì)保守的口味。
Bentayga屬于在全球剛剛興起的頂級(jí)高端SUV，同樣屬于這一級(jí)別的還有蘭博基尼（與賓利同為大眾旗下品牌）和勞斯萊斯，這些品牌的生產(chǎn)成本與高端形象，讓其他高級(jí)SUV相形見(jiàn)絀。
賓利工程主管Rolf Frech在談?wù)揃entayga時(shí)表示：“這輛車定義了賓利的未來(lái)。通過(guò)它，我們?cè)诎l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、底盤和電子系統(tǒng)等領(lǐng)域都跨出了一大步。”這些都是未來(lái)賓利車型的技術(shù)風(fēng)向標(biāo)。
Bentayga的車身為大眾集團(tuán)定制的MLB-EVO架構(gòu)，主要材料為鋁合金。該架構(gòu)曾被用于制作奧迪Q7的車身，還將用于大眾的其他車型，其中包括下一代保時(shí)捷卡宴。汽車整備質(zhì)量為2422 kg (5340 lb)，其中復(fù)合材料的使用減輕了236 kg (520 lb)的重量。
Bentayga總長(zhǎng)為5141-mm (202.4-in)，寬度1998-mm (78.7-in)，高度1742-mm (68.6-in)，軸距為2992-mm (117.8-in)。
48V系統(tǒng)
Bentayga產(chǎn)品線總監(jiān)Peter Guest表示：“這款車的底盤（懸架包括一個(gè)有四個(gè)雙叉骨的前懸架、梯形多連桿后懸架、自調(diào)平空氣系統(tǒng)和連續(xù)緩沖控制裝置）是一個(gè)從零開(kāi)始打造的全新產(chǎn)品，其中有一個(gè)非常新穎的主動(dòng)滾動(dòng)控制裝置。”該裝置使用了一個(gè)48V的系統(tǒng)來(lái)提供“安靜的瞬時(shí)反應(yīng)，以及應(yīng)對(duì)所有路面所需的駕駛員手動(dòng)操控性能。”
這輛全新的SUV采用賓利的動(dòng)態(tài)駕乘（Dynamic Ride）技術(shù)。賓利將傳統(tǒng)的防滾桿視作一種在車身控制與駕駛員舒適度之間的平衡手段。但賓利的主動(dòng)和反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)卻可以提供可變的抗扭強(qiáng)度，因此Bentayga“既可以保持極高的動(dòng)態(tài)駕駛性能，也可以讓所有乘員在任何時(shí)候感到舒適。”
車輪的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸為20寸，客戶也可選配21寸或22寸，輪胎由倍耐力提供。前后制動(dòng)器均使用通風(fēng)鐵質(zhì)制動(dòng)盤，前制動(dòng)盤尺寸400-mm (15.7-in)，后制動(dòng)盤為380-mm (15.0-in)。
與目前使用的W12傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)相比，這個(gè)“專為Bentayga打造”的英國(guó)制發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)效率高了11.9%，尺寸更短，重量也輕了30 kg (66 lb)左右。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)為縱向安裝，同時(shí)使用直噴與非直噴模式，兩種模式的轉(zhuǎn)換取決于行駛中對(duì)功率或扭矩的要求。
發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)部經(jīng)理Ian Malpas稱，他們打造的渦輪增壓器能夠盡可能縮地短反應(yīng)時(shí)間：“轉(zhuǎn)速?gòu)?250升至4500rpm時(shí)，扭矩為900 N·m，功率輸出447 kW，這意味著B(niǎo)entayg擁有SUV中性能最高的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。而且它的排氣也是可變式的；左邊氣缸組的進(jìn)氣閥、排氣閥、燃料和點(diǎn)火都可以關(guān)閉，好讓右氣缸組的運(yùn)行更高效。”
這些技術(shù)共同成就了292 g/km的二氧化碳排放值，以及12.8 L/100 km（歐盟循環(huán)）和16 mpg（美國(guó)環(huán)保署EPA循環(huán)）的綜合燃油消耗量——這些數(shù)據(jù)都符合該車型級(jí)別的認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
Bentayga的變速箱為ZF八速自動(dòng)變速箱。在第5至第8檔位上，如果油門壓力足夠輕，那么扭矩轉(zhuǎn)換器就會(huì)啟動(dòng)，讓發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)入怠速狀態(tài)以提高效率，大眾將該狀態(tài)稱為“航行”狀態(tài)。當(dāng)車輛偵測(cè)到下坡或當(dāng)油門開(kāi)啟時(shí)，齒輪將重新嚙合。此外，Bentayga的全輪驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)也得到了改善，可以更好地配好高扭矩和非公路駕駛情形。
Bentayga的百公里加速時(shí)間為4.1秒。
電子駕駛輔助功能包括傳統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性、牽引力、下坡控制和泊車輔助等。
Bentayga產(chǎn)品線主管Peter Guest補(bǔ)充到：“這輛車還安裝了一系列傳感器，可以提供實(shí)時(shí)環(huán)境信息。它們可以幫助車輛停車、保持車道、在低速路況中避免事故等。車上還安裝了一個(gè)帶有紅外攝像頭的夜視系統(tǒng)，車內(nèi)顯示屏上可以顯示出前大燈范圍之外的潛在危險(xiǎn)，如路上的行人和動(dòng)物等。”
內(nèi)幕
與大多數(shù)車輛不同的是，新賓利用內(nèi)飾來(lái)定義它的地位。
定制賓利車提供商Mulliner Operations的主管Geoff Dowding做出如下解釋：“在研發(fā)階段，我們?cè)c500名客戶進(jìn)行了一對(duì)一交談。他們每個(gè)人想法都很不一樣，而且都想在Bentayga身上得到屬于自己的體驗(yàn)。因此，我們不僅有提高駕駛體驗(yàn)的技術(shù)，我們還能推出一整套適合不同生活方式的功能。”
Bentayga的內(nèi)飾面由賓利工匠手工制作，并有七種選擇。儀表板上醒目的賓利翅膀標(biāo)志，是用手工制成的金屬工具雕刻而成的。有些控制按鍵甚至還有滾花。
前方座椅有22種調(diào)節(jié)方式和6種按摩程度。所有座椅都是由來(lái)自歐洲寒冷地帶的“頂級(jí)牛皮革”制作而成。另有一個(gè)七座版可供客戶選擇。
車上裝有平視顯示儀和一個(gè)全新的8英寸觸屏，在其背后是一個(gè)控制著車內(nèi)主要功能的60GB硬盤。后座有一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)程觸屏，可用來(lái)控制座椅、空調(diào)和其他功能。賓利娛樂(lè)平板（Bentley Entertainment Tablet）是一塊可拆卸的10.2英寸安卓平板電腦，可支持4G、WiFi和藍(lán)牙。
全新的音響系統(tǒng)中包含一臺(tái)功率幾乎高達(dá)1950 W的設(shè)備。
帶有聲學(xué)夾層玻璃的敞開(kāi)式全景天窗占據(jù)車頂60%的面積，而且這是該車型的標(biāo)配之一。賓利形容道：“各個(gè)部分之間的間隙都經(jīng)過(guò)了一絲不茍的修整。”
到2016年上旬上市之時(shí)，賓利將提供針對(duì)6種風(fēng)格的規(guī)格套餐，其中包括2種車身造型。除此之外，Bentayga還配備了賓利史上最全面的配件，如負(fù)重助力托盤和濕式齒輪裝載等。
和賓利的所有車型一樣，Mulliner 還能為Bentayga提供更多的定制化服務(wù)，如定制的“百年靈Mulliner陀飛輪”機(jī)械鐘，由一個(gè)專用的車內(nèi)高精度裝置定期敲響。這只鐘以純金打造，鐘面有珍珠母和黑烏木兩種選擇，上面鑲嵌鉆石。
這才是真正的奢華。
作者：Stuart Birch
來(lái)源：SAE《汽車工程雜志》
翻譯：SAE 上海辦公室
Bentley takes SUV to super premium level
W. O. Bentley would have been intrigued and certainly impressed that the company bearing his name is producing what it claims as the “fastest, most powerful, most luxurious, and most exclusive SUV in the world.” In addition to the initial gasoline version, diesel and plug-in hybrids of the new Bentley Bentayga, getting its first public viewing at the 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show, are also on the “to do” list.
He saw his cars achieve success both at Le Mans and in the world’s most prestigious showrooms, mixing technology (supercharged sports cars) and ultra-premium styling with cabin ambience. Now, the W12 6.0-L 447-kW (600-hp) all-wheel drive 301-km/h (187-mph) Bentayga adds the ability to blast a Bentley across sand dunes and race over frozen lakes.
The Bentayga was tested over more than 1 million mi (1.6 million km). “Testing has been extremely thorough,” said Cameron Paterson, Bentley’s Director of Whole Vehicle Engineering. “However much chamber testing is done, you can’t beat taking the car out and testing it properly under a very wide variety of conditions: for us, -30° to over +53°C (-22° to over +127°F), [though not a lot of our] customers will drive this car in sand dunes! We also completed a high-speed durability course on closed test tracks including at top speed (301 km/h) for extended periods.”
First seen as an SUV concept in 2012, but extensively aesthetically changed after a “so-so” general reaction, the production car carries strong styling cues of its siblings to better meet the relatively conservative tastes of its moneyed potential buyers.
The Bentayga enters the top level of the globally burgeoning premium SUV sector that will see offerings from Lamborghini (like Bentley a Volkswagen Group company) and Rolls-Royce, that in terms of cost and its associated image projection, will overshadow SUVs that currently carry a premium label.
Rolf Frech, Bentley’s Engineering Director, said of the Bentayga: “It defines the future for Bentley. With this car, we take big, big steps on the engine, the chassis, the electronics.” It will put down the markers for the technology of all future Bentley models.
The car is aluminum-intensive and has a bespoke version of the VW Group’s MLB-EVO architecture, that has already been applied to the Audi Q7 and will be used for other VW Group models, including the next generation Porsche Cayenne. Curb weight is 2422 kg (5340 lb), Bentley estimating weight savings via use of composite materials to be 236 kg (520 lb).
Dimensions include a 5141-mm (202.4-in) length, 1998-mm (78.7-in) width, 1742-mm (68.6-in) height, and 2992-mm (117.8-in) wheelbase.
48-V system
Peter Guest, Product Line Director for Bentayga, stated: “The chassis (suspension includes four double wishbones front; trapezoidal multi-link rear, self-leveling air system, Continuous Damping Control) is all new from ground up, and includes a very innovative active roll control.” This uses a 48-V system to provide “silent, instantaneous responses and sufficient power on hand to deal with all road surfaces."
The new SUV introduces Bentley Dynamic Ride. The company regards use of conventional anti-roll bars as a compromise between body control and comfort. But Bentley’s adaptive and reactive system provides variable torsional resistance to allow the Bentayga to be "both dynamically capable and comfortable for all occupants at all times.”
Wheels are 20 in standard, 21 or 22 in optional, fitted with Pirelli tires. Brakes are 400-mm (15.7-in) ventilated iron discs front, 380-mm (15.0-in) ventilated iron rear.
The UK-built engine, described as having been “specifically designed” for the car, delivers an 11.9% efficiency improvement, is shorter, and about 30 kg (66 lb) lighter compared to the existing W12 powertrain. It is positioned longitudinally, and it uses both direct and indirect fuel injection, switching between them depending on power or torque requirements.
Ian Malpas, Functional Manager, Engine Design, explained that turbos have been engineered to minimize response time: “There is 900 N·m of torque from 1250 to 4500 rpm and 447 kW output to make this the highest performing engine in any SUV. It has variable displacement; intake and exhaust valves, fuel, and ignition are switched off on the left-hand cylinder bank to enable the right-hand bank to run in a far more efficient operational mode.”
All this helps towards a 292 g/km CO2 figure and combined fuel consumption of 12.8 L/100 km (EU cycle) and 16 mpg (combined, U.S. EPA cycle)—both numbers subject to type approval.
The transmission is a ZF eight-speed automatic. In 5th to 8th gear, when pressure on the accelerator pedal eases sufficiently, the torque converter is opened, facilitating the engine to idle, creating what the VW Group terms “sailing” for improved efficiency. It re-engages if the car detects a road downgrade or if the throttle is opened. The car’s AWD system has been strengthened to better cope with the high torque figure and off-road driving.
Performance figures include a 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) time of 4.1 s.
Electronic driver-assist features include the typical stability, traction, and hill-descent control and park assist.
Peter Guest, Bentayga Product Line Director, added: “The car has an array of sensors to provide real-time information about the environment it is in. It can park, stay in lane, avoid accidents in low-speed traffic. It also has a night vision system with infrared camera that displays on a cabin screen hazards that are beyond the range of the headlights, such as pedestrians and animals in the road.”
Inside story
More than most other cars, it is the interior that defines the new Bentley’s status.
Geoff Dowding, Director, of Mulliner Operations (which focuses on delivering bespoke and coach-built Bentleys), explained: “During development we spoke to over 500 customers on a one-to-one basis. What we learned from that is that they are all very different individuals who all want an individual type of experience with the Bentayga. So we have technologies that enhance the driving experience, and a whole suite of features which enable different lifestyles.”
The car has hand-selected veneers (a choice of seven) shaped by Bentley’s artisans. The dashboard, which takes Bentley’s wing motif as its visual cue, is highly polished with hand-crafted metal elements. Some controls are knurled.
Front seats have 22-way adjustment and six-program massage. All seats are of “finest bull hides” sourced from cool European climates. A seven-seat variant is planned.
The car has head-up display and a new 8-in touchscreen controlling a 60-GB hard drive that controls the major functions in the vehicle. In the rear is a touch screen remote that can control seats, air conditioning, and many other features. The Bentley Entertainment Tablet provides a removable 10.2-in Android device with 4G, WiFi, and Bluetooth.
New levels of sound system include one with almost 1950 W of power.
An opening panoramic glass roof with acoustic interlays, covering about 60% of the roof area, is standard. The company speaks of “meticulous tolerances between elements of trim.
Six lifestyle-orientated specification packages will be available when the car goes on sale early in 2016, including two styling packs. In addition to these options, the Bentayga is available with the widest range of lifestyle accessories ever offered by Bentley brand, such as the load-assist tray and wet-gear stowage.
As with all Bentleys, the Bentayga can also be given added individuality by craftspeople at Mulliner. A bespoke mechanical “Mulliner Tourbillon by Breitling” clock can be specified, automatically wound periodically by a dedicated high-precision mechanism within the car. It is machined in solid gold, with a choice of either mother-of-pearl or black ebony face and decorated with diamonds.
That really is premium.
Author: Stuart Birch
Source: SAE Automotive Engineering Magazine
這是的全輪驅(qū)動(dòng)新車型Bentayga所使用的6.0-L V12發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，盡管在賓利車上并不常見(jiàn)，但這個(gè)技術(shù)與奢華完美結(jié)合的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可是助力Bentayga登上奢華SUV市場(chǎng)頂峰的王牌。
與2012年日內(nèi)瓦車展上的EXP 9 F 概念車相比，2016年的Bentayga在造型上更為溫和。
扭矩可達(dá)900 N·m 的全新W12發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)比舊版W12更輕便、更緊湊。
大眾集團(tuán)的MLB-EVO架構(gòu)用于制成Bentayga的高強(qiáng)度鋁合金車身。
Bentayga的內(nèi)飾采用了傳統(tǒng)的超豪華材料，其中包括人工選擇的飾面。
Bentayga的駕駛員只需撥動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)盤就能在8個(gè)檔位和非公路反應(yīng)設(shè)置中進(jìn)行選擇，以應(yīng)對(duì)各種各樣的路面和路況。
Bentayga后座配備了既奢華又先進(jìn)的信息娛樂(lè)系統(tǒng)。